Data processing device

ABSTRACT

A data processing device has an instruction decoder, a control logic unit, and ALU. The instruction decoder decodes instruction codes of an arithmetic instruction. The control logic unit detects the effective data width of operation data to be processed according to the decode result from the instruction decoder and determines the number of cycles for the instruction execution corresponding to the effective, data width. The ALU executes the instruction with the number of cycles of the instruction execution determined by the control logic unit.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 16/748,189, filed Jan. 21, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/987,507, filed May 23, 2018, and issuedas U.S. Pat. No. 10,552,149, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/015,565, filed Feb. 4, 2016, and issued as U.S.Pat. No. 10,001,991, which is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/144,822, filed Dec. 31, 2013 and issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,280,341, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/113,511, filed May 23, 2011 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,627,046,which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/472,193,filed May 26, 2009 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,971,037, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/878,737, filed Jul.26, 2007 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,555,635, which is a division ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/654,927, filed Sep. 5, 2003 andissued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,337,302. The above-mentioned applications arebased on Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-261881. The entirecontents of these prior applications are hereby incorporated byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a data processing device for executingarithmetic instructions such as division and remainder instructions, andin particular, relates to a data processing device for setting thenumber of cycles for the instruction according to an effective datawidth obtained from operation data during the execution of an arithmeticinstruction, and then executing the operation process within the numberof cycles obtained.

Description of the Related Art

A conventional data processing device handles an instruction code havinga size field in which data size information is stored, and determinesthe number of cycles, such as a loop iteration number of the operationfor division and remainder instructions, based on the data sizeinformation of a dividend stored in a size field S in the instructioncode (For example, see Document 1).

-   Document 1: Japanese laid-open publication number: JP-2001-034472.

The conventional data processing device, as shown in Document 1,involves a drawback where it is necessary to set the size (or aneffective data width) of the operation data to be processed in a sizeinformation field for the operation data in an instruction code beforearithmetic been compiled. That is, in the conventional technique, inorder to select the optimum cycle number for the execution of theinstruction obtained by the effective data width of the operation datato be processed, it is necessary to determine the effective data widthfor each operation data in advance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is made to overcome the above drawback of theconventional technique. It is therefore an object of the presentinvention to provide a data processing device having means for detectingan effective data width of operation data to be processed during theexecution of an arithmetic instruction. Then, the data processing devicecan select the optimum cycle number based on the effective data widthfor each target arithmetic data during the execution of the operationinstruction without setting any effective data width for each operationdata in an instruction code in advance.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provideda data processing device having an instruction decoder, a controller,and an operation unit. The instruction decoder decodes instruction codesfor the arithmetic instruction. The controller detects the effectivedata width for the operation data to be processed in the execution ofthe arithmetic instruction based on the decode result transferred fromthe instruction decoder, and determines an instruction execution cyclenumber according to the effective data width. The operation unitexecutes the arithmetic instruction within the instruction executioncycle number determined by the controller

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent from the following description taken in conjunction withthe accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processingdevice according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an instruction format for use in the dataprocessing device shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing data formats for use in the dataprocessing device shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing operation for setting an instructioncycle number by the data processing device according to the firstembodiment;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an operation of a division instructionexecuted by the data processing device;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processingdevice according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an instruction format for use in the dataprocessing device shown in FIG. 6 ;

FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing data formats for use in the dataprocessing device shown in FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing operation for setting the number ofcycles for the instruction by the data processing device according tothe second embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processingdevice according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processingdevice according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a control logic unit and various dataitems to be inputted to the control logic unit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A detailed description will be given, with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processingdevice according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1shows hardware to execute a division instruction, for example.

In the diagram, the instruction decoder 1 receives an instruction codeto be processed, decodes the received one, and then transfers the decoderesult to the control logic unit 3. For example, the decode resultprovides various information such as the information to specify the typeof the instruction (a division instruction, a remainder instruction, andso on), the information (or data type information) to specify thepresence of a sign of the operation data, and control information (orinstruction code information) for controlling the instruction cyclenumber to be used upon the determination of the instruction cycle numberfor the execution of the instruction. The general purpose register file2 is made up of a register group having a plurality of registers. Theoperation data to be handled in the operation process are stored in theregisters.

The control logic unit (forming a controller) 3 comprises a sizeinformation detector 6 and a loop iteration completion detector 7. Thecontrol logic unit 3 controls various operations during the execution ofthe division instruction and the remainder instruction.

An ALU (Arithmetic and Logical Unit) 4 comprises an ALU9 and a remainderregister 10. The ALU 9 inputs information to specify both arithmeticdata items and the operation to be executed, and executes the specifiedoperation with those data items. The remainder register 10 includes anextended register 11. The shifter 5 executes a shifting of the dividenddata according to a control signal transferred form the control logicunit 3. In the example shown in FIG. 1 , reference characters “*” and“**” are added to the control signals SF1 and CTS to be transferred fromthe control logic unit 3 to the shifter 5. Those characters “*” and “**”indicate the connection relationship between the control logic unit 3and the shifter 5. For example, reference character “**” means todirectly transfer the control signal SF1 from the control logic unit 3to the shifter 5.

The size information detector (forming the controller) 6 detects thesize information “n” (as the effective data width) of the dividendduring the execution of division and remainder instructions and outputsthe detected one as the effective data width to the loop iterationcompletion detector 7. This size information detector 6 comprises apriority encoder, for example. The loop iteration completion detector 7in the control logic unit 3 detects the completion time of theloop-iteration for the division process based on the counted value inthe counter 8 and the effective data width transferred from the sizeinformation detector 6. The counter 8 is incremented every completion ofa loop iteration based on a non-restoring division. The 64-bit remainderregister 10 stores operation data generated by the division processperformed by the ALU 9, and also has an extended register 11 for storingthe dividend data shifted by the shifter 5.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an instruction format to be handled by thedata processing device shown in FIG. 1 . FIG. 2 shows an instructioncode of a division instruction and a remainder instruction, for example.In FIG. 2 , information specifying the type (for example, a divisioninstruction, a remainder instruction, and so on) of the operationinstruction to be executed is stored in the first operand code (opcode)OP1 and second operand code (opcode) OP2. The type of data (as data typeinformation) to be stored in registers specified by a destinationregister identifier R1 and a source register identifier R2 is defined inthe opcode OP1 and the opcode OP2 as a part of the instruction. Here,the data type is the information to specify one of the signed operand(signed) and the unsigned operand (unsigned) for the process.

It is possible to place the information to specify the data type in abit position other than the opcode of the instruction code. Theinformation to specify the register storing a dividend in the registergroup in the general purpose register file 2 is stored in thedestination register identifier R1. The information to specify theregister storing a divisor in the register group in the general purposeregister file 2 is stored into the source register identifier R2.Contrary to the conventional technique, the size information of thedividend data for the division and remainder instructions is not storedin a constant number field C in the instruction code.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing data formats for use in the dataprocessing device shown in FIG. 1 . FIG. 3A shows the unsigned dataformat (without any sign bit) and FIG. 3B shows the signed data format(with a sign bit). In the unsigned data format shown in FIG. 3A, thefirst bit position of the logical value “1” searched from the mostsignificant bit (“0” bit) is defined as k^(th) bit. On the other hand,in the data format with a sign bit shown in FIG. 3B, the first bitposition of the reversed logical value of the sign bit “sgn” searchedfrom the first bit excepting the sign bit “sgn” is defined as k^(th)bit. FIG. 3B shows the case where effective data are stored in the fieldof k^(th) bit to 31^(th) bit in the 32 bit data format.

Next, a description will be given of the operation of the dataprocessing device.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the operation for setting the instructionnumber cycle by the data processing device according to the firstembodiment. FIG. 4 shows a pre-processing for a division based on anon-restoring division that will be described later. The detectionprocess of the size information “n” (as the effective data width) of thedividend data in the division and remainder instructions will beexplained according to the FIG. 4 . For example, in the data processingdevice of a 32 bit date length, “n” becomes an integer satisfying therange of 0<n 32. Hereinafter, we assume that the data processing devicehandles the data of a 32 bit length.

First, when receiving an instruction code generated by the compilationof a source code, the instruction decoder 1 decodes the instruction codereceived. The instruction written in the source code is arranged in thehardware in the data processing device for operation. At this time, thekind of the instruction (for example, division and remainderinstructions) and the data type of the operand to be processed, whichare set in the first opcode OP1 and the second opcode OP2 in theinstruction code, are retrieved as the instruction code information.

The instruction decoder 1 transfers the instruction code information asthe decode result to the control logic unit 3. The size informationdetector 6 in the control logic unit 3 inputs the decode result. Afterthis, the data processing device of the first embodiment starts theexecution of the division instruction.

Next, the control logic unit 3 reads the dividend data stored in theregister in the general purpose register file 2 based on the informationset in the destination register identifier R1 and transfers it onto thebus Si and also transfers it to the size information detector 6 (StepST1).

The size information detector 6 judges whether the dividend data has asign bit or not based on the data type of the dividend data retrievedfrom the instruction code information as the decode result (Step ST2).When the dividend data has no sign bit, the size information detector 6detects the most bit position “k” (as the kth bit) of the logical value“1” that is firstly detected while searching it from O^(th) bit as themost significant bit (Step ST3). When does not detect any logical value“1”, the detector 6 judges that the dividend data is zero.

On the other hand, when the dividend data is signed data, the sizeinformation detector 6 judges whether the sign is a positive or negativevalue (Step ST4). When the sign is a positive value, that is, when thesign bit as the 0 bit in the dividend data is the logical value “0”, thedetector 6 detects the first bit position “k” where the reversed value“1” of this sign bit “0” is firstly detected (Step ST5). On thecontrary, when the sign is a negative value, that is, when the sign bitas the 0^(th) bit in the dividend data is the logical value “1”, thedetector 6 detects the bit position “k” where the reversed value “0” ofthis sign bit “1” is firstly detected (Step ST6).

After the detection of the bit position “k” by the manner previouslydescribed, the detector 6 calculates (32−k) bit data by subtracting kfrom the 32 bit data length, handled by the data processing device ofthe first embodiment. The size information detector 6 transfers thecalculation result, namely, the data size information “n” of thedividend data as the effective data width to the loop iterationcompletion detector 7. In addition, the size information detector 6determines that the magnitude of the shifting is k, and generates thecontrol signal SF1 to specify the shift width k and outputs it onto thebus S2 because the data of the 0^(th) bit to (k−1)^(th) bit isineffective data for calculation (Step ST7).

Next, a description will now be given of the division process based onnon-restoring division.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the operation for a division instructionexecuted by the data processing device. The algorithm of the executionof the division instruction based on non-restoring division will beexplained with reference to FIG. 5 .

Firstly, the shifter 5 inputs the shift width k and the dividend data,where the shift width k is specified by the control signal SF1transferred from the control logic unit 3 and the dividend data isobtained under the control of the control logic unit 3. The shifter 5receives the control signal CTS transferred from the control logic unit3. This control signal CTS indicates that the shifting direction isleft. The shifter 5 shifts the position in the dividend data left by theshift width k. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the data items of 0^(th) bit(including the sign bit) to (k−1) bit in the dividend data is out ofoperation, namely, those are not effective data items. Accordingly, byshifting the dividend data left by the shift width k, it is possible toeliminate the unnecessary data items from the dividend data.

The shift result by the shifter 5 is stored in the extended register 11in the remainder register 10 through the path SF3. The value “zero” isstored into the 32 bit left half of the remainder register 10. Step ST1a includes from the process where the shifter 5 obtains the shift widthand the dividend data transferred from the control logic unit 3 to theprocess where the value “zero” is stored in the 32 bit left half of theremainder register 10.

Next, the control logic unit 3 outputs the control signals CT1 and CT2to the remainder register 10 in order to shift the data left by one bit,which is stored in the remainder register 10 (Step ST2 a). The controlsignal CT1 is a signal to control the shifting direction of the data inthe remainder register 10, like the conventional one. The control signalCT2 is a signal to specify data to be stored into the LSB (LeastSignificant Bit) of the remainder register 10.

Following the process, the loop iteration completion detector 7 sets theinitial value “zero” to the counter 8. Thereby, the loop iteration ofthe division is initiated based on non-restoring division.

First, the ALU 4 reads the divisor data stored in the general purposeregister file S2 on the internal bus 2 under the control of the controllogic unit 3 based on the information set in the source registeridentifier R2, and transfers the divisor data to the ALU 9 through thepath AU2. Further, the ALU 9 gets the 32 bit left half data of theremainder register 10 through the path AU1. When receiving the controlsignal CTA generated by and transferred from the control logic unit 3,the ALU 9 starts the subtraction process where the divisor on the pathAU2 from the data on the path AU1. The ALU 9 stores the subtractionresult into the 32 bit left half of the remainder register 10 (Step ST3a).

When the subtraction process is executed, the control logic 3 judgeswhether the remainder is not less than zero or not (Step ST4 a). In aconcrete example, like the conventional technique, the control logicunit 3 retrieves the MSB (Most Significant Bit) in the operation resultin the ALU 9 as the control signal DVSGN. At this time, because theremainder becomes not less than zero when the control signal DVSGN iszero, the control logic unit 3 outputs the control signal CT1 toindicate “Shifting left by one bit” to the ALU 4 in order to shift thedata in the remainder register 10 left by one bit. The control logicunit 3 sets the value “1” to the LSB (Least Significant Bit) in theremainder register 10 (Step ST5 a). That is, when the data in theremainder register 10 is shifted left by one bit, the value “1” is setto the most significant right-hand bit.

On the other hand, because the remainder is less than zero when thecontrol signal DVSGN is the value “1”, the control logic unit 3transfers the divisor data on the internal bus 52 to the ALU 9. Further,the left half data of the remainder register 10 is set in the AU 1.After this process, the ALU 9 adds the data on the path AU1 and the dataon the path AU2, and then stores the operation result of the additioninto the 32 bit left half of the remainder register 10. That is, thedivisor data in the general purpose register file 2 is added to the lefthalf of the remainder register 10. The data in the remainder register 10is replaced with the original data before the execution of thesubtraction process previously described.

Next, the control logic unit 3 outputs the control signal CT1 toindicate “Shifting left by one bit” to the ALU 4 in order to shift thedata in the remainder register 10 left by one bit. Following this, thecontrol logic unit 3 outputs the control signal CT2 of zero (CT2=0) tothe remainder register 10 in order to set the value “zero” to the LSB inthe remainder register 10. That is, the data in the remainder register10 is shifted left by one bit and the value “zero” is set to the mostsignificant right bit in the remainder register 10 (Step ST6 a).

Following this process, the control logic unit 3 judges the number ofthe loop-iterations (Step ST7 a). In a concrete example, the loopiteration completion detector 7 increments the value of the counter 8 byone every the execution of the loop iteration for the subtraction basedon non-restoring division.

After this, the loop iteration completion detector 7 compares the sizeinformation “n” of the dividend data, stored as the completion numberfor the loop iteration based on non-restoring division, with the valueof the counter 8. When the value of the counter 8 is less than “n”, thatis, when the number of the loop-iteration processes is less than “n”,the processes previously described is repeated again.

On the other hand, when the value of the counter 8 is “n”, that is, whenthe number of the loop-iteration processes is reached to the value “n”,the control logic unit 3 outputs the control signal to indicate“Shifting right by one bit” to the ALU 4 in order to shift the data inthe remainder register 10 right by one bit (Step ST8 a).

Upon executing a division instruction, the control logic unit 3 outputsthe data (quotient) stored in the extended register 11 to the internalbus D1 through the path OUT1. When a remainder instruction is executed,the control logic unit 3 outputs data (remainder) stored in the upper 32bit of the remainder register 10 to the internal bus D1 through the pathOUT2. Finally, the operation result of the data processing device istransferred to and stored in the register (specified by the destinationregister identifier in the instruction code) in the general purposeregister file 2 through the internal bus D1.

As described above, because the data processing device according to thefirst embodiment has the size, information detector 6 to directly detectthe size information of the dividend data from the dividend data itselfduring the execution of the division instruction, it is possible toselect the optimum number of cycles for each dividend data during theexecution of the division instruction.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processingdevice according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6shows hardware to execute a division process, for example. In thediagram, the size information detector 6 a (forming the controller)detects the size information (effective data width) of a dividend dataduring the execution of division and remainder instructions based on thedecode result of the dividend data including the size upper-limit valueL transferred from the instruction decoder, and outputs the detected oneto the loop iteration completion detector 7. This size informationdetector 6 a comprises a priority encoder which searches only the L bitwidth data based on the size upper limit value L. The same components inthe data processing device of the first embodiment will be referred towith the same reference numbers, and the explanation for the samecomponents is omitted here for brevity.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an instruction format for use in the dataprocessing device shown in FIG. 6 . In the diagram, the information tospecify the type (for example, a division instruction and a remainderinstruction) of the instruction to be executed is stored in the firstand second opcodes OP1 and OP2.

The type of data (as data type information) to be stored in registersspecified by the destination register identifier Ri and the sourceregister identifier R2 is defined in the opcode OP1 and the opcode OP2as a part of the instruction. Here, like the first embodiment, the datatype is the information to specify one of the signed operand (with sign)and the unsigned operand (without sign) for the process.

It is possible to place the information to specify the data type in abit position other than the opcode of the instruction code. Theinformation to specify the register storing a dividend in the registergroup in the general purpose register file 2 is stored in thedestination register identifier R1. The information to specify theregister storing a divisor in the register group in the general purposeregister file 2 is stored into the source register identifier R2.

The information to specify the size upper-limit value L of the dividenddata is stored in a size field UL (size upper-limit information) placedin a part in the constant field C in the instruction code. For example,in the data processing device handling 32 bit data, the size upper-limitvalue L takes within the range 0<L≤32.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing data formats, each having the sizeupper-limit value of 16 bits for use in the data processing device shownin FIG. 6 . In particular, FIG. 8A shows the unsigned data format(without sign) and FIG. 8B shows the signed data format (with sign). InFIGS. 8A and 8B, DIVUH and DIVH are mnemonics for a divisioninstruction. The former is the unsigned division instruction and thelatter is the signed division instruction. Because the size upper-limitvalue L of the dividend data is 16-bit long, the data processing deviceprocesses the value from the 0^(th) bit to 15th bit as invalid data inthe data formats corresponding to the mnemonics DIVUH and DIVH.

Next, a description will be given of the operation of the dataprocessing device.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing the operation for setting the number ofcycles for the instruction by the data processing device according tothe second embodiment.

This process shown in FIG. 9 corresponds to the preprocessing of thedivision based on non-restoring division that will be described indetail.

The detection process of the size information “n” of the dividend datain the division and remainder instructions will be explained accordingto the FIG. 4 . For example, in the data processing device handling a 32bit data length, “n” becomes an integer satisfying the range of 0<n≤32.Hereinafter, we assume that the data processing device handles data of a32 bit data length.

First, when receiving an instruction code generated by the compilationof a source code, the instruction decoder 1 decodes the instruction codereceived. The instruction written in the source code is arranged in thehardware in the data processing device for operation. At this time, thekind of the instruction (for example, a division instruction and aremainder instruction) and the data type of the operand to be processed,which are set in the first opcode OP1 and the second opcode OP2 in theinstruction code, are retrieved as the instruction code information.

The instruction decoder 1 transfers the instruction code information asthe decode result to the control logic unit 3. The size informationdetector 6 a in the control logic unit 3 inputs the decode result. Afterthis, the data processing device of the second embodiment starts theexecution of the division instruction.

Next, the control logic unit 3 reads the dividend data stored in theregister in the general purpose register file 2 based on the informationset in the destination register identifier R1 in the decode result andtransfers it onto the bus S1 and also transfers it to the sizeinformation detector 6 a (Step ST1).

The size information detector 6 a judges whether the dividend data has asign bit or not based on the data type of the dividend data retrievedfrom the instruction code information as the decode result (Step ST2).When the dividend data has no sign bit (unsigned data), the sizeinformation detector 6 a detects the first bit position “k” (as k^(th)bit) of the logical value “1” that is firstly detected while searchingfrom (32−L)^(th) bit to 31^(st) bit other than the 0^(th) bit (mostsignificant bit) to (31−L)^(th) bit in the dividend data. The detector 6a treats the range of 0^(th) bit to (31−L)^(th) bit in the dividend dataas invalid data items (Step ST3 b). When does not detect any logicalvalue “1”, the detector 6 a judges that the dividend data is zero.

On the other hand, when the dividend data is signed data, the sizeinformation detector 6 a judges whether the sign is a positive ornegative value (Step ST4). Here, when the upper-limit value of thedividend data is L and the sign is a positive value, that is, when thevalue of the (32−L)^(th) sign bit in the dividend data is a logicalvalue “0”, the detector 6 a searches from the (32−L+1)^(th) bit to31^(st) bit in order to detect the first bit position “k” of thereversed value (namely, the logical value “1”) of the logical value “0”(Step ST5 b).

On the contrary, when the sign is a negative value, that is, when thevalue of the (32−L)^(th) sign bit in the dividend data is a logicalvalue “1”, the detector 6 a searches from the (32−L+1)^(th) bit to31^(st) bit in order to detect the first bit position “k” of thereversed value (namely, the logical value “0”) of the logical value “1”(Step ST5 b). In the example shown in FIG. 8B, the bit values from16^(th) bit position to 23^(td) bit position take the same value “S” ofthe sign bit (which is 16^(th) bit position as the logical value S).Therefore the effective data is from 24^(th) bit position to 31^(st) bitposition.

After the detection of the bit position “k” by the manner previouslydescribed, the detector 6 a calculates (32−k) value as the data sizeinformation “n” of the dividend data and the number of cycles for theloop iteration by subtracting k from the 32 bit data length, handled bythe data processing device of the second embodiment.

The size information detector 6 a transfers the calculation result,namely, the data size information “n” of the dividend data as theeffective data width to the loop iteration completion detector 7.

In addition, the size information detector 6 a determines that themagnitude of the shifting of the dividend data is k, and generates thecontrol signal SF1 to specify the shift width k and outputs it onto thebus S2 because the data of the 0^(th) bit (including the sign bit) to(k−1)^(th) bit is un-effective data for calculation (Step ST7).

Because the division process based on non-restoring division after theprocess described above is the same of that in the first embodiment, theexplanation is therefore omitted here.

As described above, according to the data processing device of thesecond embodiment, because the upper-limit value L to be used for thedetermination of the searching range to detect the size information ofthe dividend data is set in the instruction code, it is possible toperform the detection process of the size information of the dividenddata at high speed. In addition, it is not necessary to correct thedividend data in a 32 bit data format when it is stored because the dataitems of the bit positions out of the range specified by the sizeupper-limit value L become invalid data.

Third Embodiment

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processingdevice according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10shows hardware to execute a division process, for example. In thediagram, the mode register (as a memory) 12 stores the information (asdata type information) to specify the data type of dividend data and thesize upper-limit value L (as a size upper-limit value) of the dividenddata.

The same components in the data processing device shown in FIG. 1 andFIG. 6 will be referred to with the same reference numbers, and theexplanation for the same components is omitted here for brevity.

First, the data processing device of the third embodiment uses the sameinstruction formats of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.That is, no size information of dividend data for division and remainderinstructions is stored in the constant field C in the instruction code.The data processing device of the third embodiment uses the same dataformat of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 8A and 88 . The dataitems of the bit positions out of the range specified by the sizeupperlimit value L become invalid.

Next, a description will now be given of the operation of the thirdembodiment.

The detection process of the size information “n” of a dividend data onthe execution of division and remainder instructions will be explained.For example, in the data processing device using 32 bit data, the sizeinformation “n” becomes an integer satisfying the range 0<n≤32.Hereinafter, we assume that the data processing device handles data of32 bit data length.

First, when receiving an instruction code generated by the compilationof a source code, the instruction decoder 1 decodes the instruction codereceived. The instruction written in the source code is arranged in thehardware in the data processing device. At this time, the kind of theinstruction (for example, division and remainder instructions) and thedata type of the operand to be processed, which are set in the firstopcode OP1 and the second opcode OP2 in the instruction code, areretrieved as the instruction code information.

The instruction decoder 1 transfers the instruction code information asthe decode result to the control logic unit 3. The size informationdetector 6 a in the control logic unit 3 inputs the decode result.

Next, the control logic unit 3 reads the dividend data stored in theregister in the general purpose register file and transfers it onto thebus Si and also transfers it to the size information detector Ga.Further, the control logic unit 3 reads the data type and the sizeupper-limit value L, corresponding to the dividend data, stored in themode register 12 and transfers those data to the size informationdetector 6 a. The data processing device of the third embodiment therebystarts to execute the division instruction.

The size information detector 6 a judges whether the dividend data has asign bit or not based on the data type of the dividend data retrievedfrom the mode register 12. When the dividend data has no sign bit(unsigned data), the size information detector 6 a detects the first bitposition “k” (as k^(th) bit) of the logical value “1” that is firstlydetected while searching from (32−L)^(th) bit to 31^(th) bit other thanthe 0^(th) bit (most significant bit) to (31−L)^(th) bit in the dividenddata. The detector 6 a treats the range of 0th bit to (31−L)^(th) bit inthe dividend data as invalid data items.

On the other hand, when the dividend data is signed data, the sizeinformation detector 6 a judges whether the sign is a positive ornegative value. Here, when the upper limit value of the dividend data isL and the sign is a positive value, that is, when the value of the(32−L)^(th) sign bit in the dividend data is a logical value “0”, thedetector 6 a searches from the (32−L+1)^(th) bit to 31^(st) bit in orderto detect the first bit position “k” of the reversed value (namely, thelogical value “1”) of the logical value “0”.

On the contrary, when the sign is a negative value, that is, when thevalue of the (32−L)^(th) sign bit in the dividend data is a logicalvalue “1”, the detector 6 a searches from the (32−L+1)^(th) bit to31^(st) bit in order to detect the first bit position “k” of thereversed value (namely, the logical value “0”) of the logical value “1”.

After the detection of the bit position “k” by the manner previouslydescribed, the size information detector 6 a calculates (32−k) value asthe data size information “n” of the dividend data and the number ofcycles for the loop iteration by subtracting k from the 32 bit datalength, handled by the data processing device of the second embodiment.

The size information detector 6 a transfers the calculation result,namely, the data size information “n” of the dividend data as theeffective data width to loop iteration completion detector 7.

In addition, the size information detector 6 a determines that themagnitude of the shifting of the dividend data is k, and generates thecontrol signal SF1 to specify the shift width k and outputs it onto thebus S2 because the data of the 0^(th) bit (including the sign bit) to(k−1)^(th) bit is un-effective data for calculation (Step ST7).

Because the division process based on non-restoring division after theprocess described above is the same of that in the second embodiment,the explanation is therefore omitted here.

As described above, according to the data processing device of the thirdembodiment, because the data processing device incorporates the moderegister 12 into which the data type and the size upper-limit value Lfor dividend data are stored, it is possible to obtain the same effectof the second embodiment without any size information field in theinstruction format.

The first through third embodiments have explained the hardware andarithmetic operation for the division process. The present invention isnot limited by those cases, that is, the present invention can applyarithmetic processes of various types unless the instruction cyclenumber is determined based on the effective data width of operation. Forexample, it is possible to control the lower-limit of the number ofcycles for the instruction execution and to control the lower-limitvalue of the operation result by setting the size lower-limit value ofthe arithmetic data other than the size upper-limit value thereof as theinstruction code information.

Fourth Embodiment

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processingdevice according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG.11 shows hardware to execute a division process, for example. In thediagram, the mode register (as a memory) 12 a stores process settinginformation to specify whether or not the size information detector 6 bperforms the detection process of the effective data width of a dividenddata. The same components in the data processing device shown in FIG. 1and FIG. 6 will be referred to with the same reference numbers, and theexplanation for the same components is omitted here for brevity.

The data processing device of the fourth embodiment performs the processto determine and set the instruction cycle number which has already beenshown in the first embodiment. Further, the data processing device ofthe fourth embodiment selects the processes of the second and thirdembodiments previously described based on the process settinginformation stored in the mode register 12 a and determines theinstruction cycle number based on a data width which is determined inadvance and stored in the mode register 12 a.

Next, a description will now be given of the operation of the fourthembodiment.

The detection process of the size information “n” of a dividend data onthe execution of division and remainder instructions will be explained.For example, in the data processing device using 32 bit data, the sizeinformation “n” becomes an integer satisfying the range 0<n≤32.Hereinafter, we assume that the data processing device handles data of32 bit data length.

First, when receiving an instruction code generated by the compilationof a source code, the instruction decoder 1 decodes the instruction codereceived. The instruction described in the source code is arranged inthe hardware in the data processing device for operation. At this time,the kind of the instruction (for example, division and remainderinstructions) and the data type of the operand to be processed, whichare set in the first opcode OP1 and the second opcode OP2 in theinstruction code, are retrieved as the instruction code information.

The instruction decoder 1 transfers the instruction code information asthe decode result to the control logic unit 3. The size informationdetector 6 b in the control logic unit 3 inputs the decode result. Next,the control logic unit 3 reads the dividend data stored in the registerin the general purpose register file and transfers it onto the bus Siand also transfers it to the size information detector 6 b.

At this time, the size information detector 6 b in the control logicunit 3 inputs the process setting information stored in the moderegister 12 a and then judges whether or not the detection function isvalid or invalid, namely, whether or not the detection process of theeffective data width of the dividend data is performed based on theprocess setting information inputted. In a concrete example, the moderegister 12 a stores the digital value to specify whether the detectionfunction for the effective data width of the dividend data by the sizeinformation detector 6 b is effective or ineffective. The sizeinformation detector 6 b judges the effective or ineffective of thedetection function based on the value of the process settinginformation.

When the detection function is effective, the detector 6 b calculatesthe effective data width “n” of the dividend data corresponding to thenumber of cycles for the instruction execution of the divisioninstruction by performing the same manner of the first embodimentprescribed. The processes following after the effective data width “n”is set into the loop iteration completion unit 7 are the same of thoseof the first embodiment.

On the contrary, when the process setting information indicates that thedetection function for the effective data width of the dividend data isinvalid, the detector 6 b sets the 32 bit data for a processor of thedata processing device into the loop iteration detector 7 as theeffective data width “n” without detecting any effective data width “n”.After this process described above, the fourth embodiment performs thesame processes of the first embodiment, that is, the feature of thefourth embodiment can be applied to the first embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a control logic unit and peripherals.

With reference to FIG. 12 , it will be explained that the feature of thefourth embodiment is applied to the cases of the first to thirdembodiments.

As shown in FIG. 12 , when the configuration of the fourth embodiment isapplied to the cases of the second and third embodiments, the sizeinformation detector 6 b inputs the size upper-limit value L of thedividend data based on the decode result of the instruction code or fromthe mode register 12. The size upper-limit value L of the dividend datacan be stored with the process setting information into the moderegister 12 a.

When the process setting information indicates that the detectionfunction for the effective data width of the dividend data is valid, thesize information-detector 6 b performs the same processes of the secondor third embodiment in order to calculate the effective data width “n”of the dividend data corresponding to the number of the instructionexecution cycles for the division process. The processes following tothe setting process to set the effective data width “n” to the loopiteration completion detector 7 are the same processes of the second orthird embodiment.

On the contrary, when the process setting information indicates that thedetection function for the effective data width of the dividend data isinvalid, the size information detector 6 b sets to the loop iterationcompletion detector 7 the size upper-limit value L of the dividend dataas the predetermined effective data width “n” without detecting anyeffective data width “n”. The processes after the setting of theeffective data width “n” into the detector 7 are the same of those inthe second or third embodiment.

It is acceptable to include the information as the process settinginformation to be stored in the mode register 12 a, which specifieswhether or not the instruction code information such as the sizeupper-limit value L of the dividend data is used, other than theinformation to specify whether or not the detection process of theeffective data width of the dividend data is performed.

In a concrete example, as shown in FIG. 12 , the size informationdetector 6 b stores both the size upper-limit value L of the dividenddata and the data length to be handled by the processor of the dataprocessing device. In this case, when the process setting informationincludes data to specify that the detection function for the effectivedata width of the dividend data is invalid and data to specify that theuse of the instruction code information such as the size upper-limit Lof the dividend data is invalid, the size information detector 6 b setsthe 32 bit data as the effective data width “n” into the loop iterationcompletion detector 7 without using the size upper-limit value L of thedividend data as the effective data width “n”.

Further, when the process setting information includes data to specifythat the detection function for the effective data width of the dividenddata is invalid and data to specify that the use of the instruction codeinformation such as the size upper-limit L of the dividend data isvalid, the size information detector 6 b sets the size upper-limit valueL of the dividend data as the predetermined effective data width “n”into the loop iteration detector 7.

As described above, according to the data processing device of thefourth embodiment, because one of the following processes can beselected, it is possible to obtain the same effect of the secondembodiment without forming any size information field in the instructionformat:

The process to determine the instruction cycle number based on theeffective data width of the dividend data; and

The process to determine the instruction cycle number based on the datawidth which has been determined in advance.

In addition, the fourth embodiment can select optionally how todetermine the instruction cycle number and can also determine theinstruction cycle number according to the type of the arithmeticinstruction optionally.

As set forth in detail, according to the present invention, the dataprocessing device has the instruction decoder for decoding instructioncodes of an arithmetic instruction, the controller for detecting theeffective data width of the operation data to be processed according tothe decode result from the instruction decoder and for determining theinstruction cycle number corresponding to the effective data width, andthe operation unit, for executing the operation of the instruction withthe instruction cycle number determined by the controller. Therefore itis not necessary to set the effective data width in advance to theinstruction code every operation data and it is possible to optionallyselect the optimum instruction cycle number of obtained from theeffective data width for each operation data during the execution of thearithmetic instruction.

Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to eliminatethe limitation of the instruction code because the instruction codeinformation to control the instruction cycle number for the arithmeticinstruction is stored into the memory in the data processing device, andthe instruction cycle number corresponding to the effective data widthof the operation data to be processed in the arithmetic instruction isdetermined based on the instruction code information, or because theinstruction code information to control the instruction cycle number isstored in the memory such as the mode register, and the operationprocess is performed based on the information stored in the memory.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A data processing device executing adivision instruction, the data processing device comprising: a pluralityof general purpose registers; and a decoder that decodes instructions,including the division instruction, the division instruction includingregister information specifying one of the general purpose registers fordividend data, sign information for the dividend data, and anupper-limit information for the dividend data, wherein the dataprocessing device is configured to: determine whether the dividend datastored in the specified register is signed data or unsigned data basedon the sign information, determine a position of a first effective bitof the dividend data, and perform the division instruction for a numberof cycles, wherein the number of cycles is based on the position of thefirst effective bit.
 2. The data processing device according to claim 1,wherein when the dividend data is positive signed data, the firsteffective bit has a value of “1”.
 3. The data processing deviceaccording to claim 2, wherein the data processing device determines thefirst effective bit by searching a bit having value of “1” from aleading bit of the dividend data.
 4. The data processing deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein when the dividend data is negative signeddata, the first effective bit has a value of “0”.
 5. The data processingdevice according to claim 4, wherein the data processing devicedetermines the first effective bit by searching a bit having value of“0” from a leading bit of the dividend data.
 6. The data processingdevice according to claim 1, wherein the dividend data within a rangespecified by the upper-limit information is used for the divisioninstruction.
 7. The data processing device according to claim 6, whereinthe dividend data outside the range specified by the upper-limitinformation is processed as invalid data for the division instruction.8. A data processing device executing a division instruction, the dataprocessing device comprising: a plurality of general purpose registers;and a decoder that decodes instructions, including the divisioninstruction, the division instruction including register informationspecifying one of the general purpose registers for operation data, signinformation for the operation data, and an upper-limit information forthe operation data, wherein the data processing device is configured to:determine whether the operation data stored in the specified register issigned data or unsigned data based on the sign information, determine aposition of a first effective bit of the operation data, and perform thedivision instruction for a number of cycles, wherein the number ofcycles is based on the position of the first effective bit.
 9. The dataprocessing device according to claim 8, wherein when the operation datais positive signed data, the first effective bit has a value of “1”. 10.The data processing device according to claim 9, wherein the dataprocessing device determines the first effective bit by searching a bithaving value of “1” from a leading bit of the operation data.
 11. Thedata processing device according to claim 8, wherein when the operationdata is negative signed data, the first effective bit has a value of“0”.
 12. The data processing device according to claim 11, wherein thedata processing device determines the first effective bit by searching abit having value of “0” from a leading bit of the operation data. 13.The data processing device according to claim 8, wherein the operationdata within a range specified by the upper-limit information is used forthe division instruction.
 14. The data processing device according toclaim 13, wherein the operation data outside the range specified by theupper-limit information is processed as invalid data for the divisioninstruction.